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J Allergy Clin Immunol

Published research has explored its role in promoting angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation), upregulating VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), stimulating fibroblast migration and collagen deposition, modulating nitric oxide pathways, and protecting the gastrointestinal lining

The molecule was first identified and studied by the Sikiric research group in Croatia starting in the early 1990s, and the bulk of the preclinical evidence base comes from more than three decades of rat and rodent studies showing consistent tissue-repair, anti-inflammatory, and gastroprotective effects

Effective Therapy of Transected Quadriceps Muscle in Rat: Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157

Gently stretch the calves, Achilles tendon, and lower leg muscles to relieve tension